Tag: Pentium 4
Pentium processor
The two main x86 CPU manufactures are
Intel and Advanced Micro Devices or AMD
The Pentium was Intel’s first named desktop processor. It had a 64-bit data bus and 32-bit address bus, and ranged in speed from 60 MHz to 233 MHz
In 1995, Intel introduced the Pentium Pro to the server market.
This processor had a 36-bit address bus instead of a 32-bit bus ranged in speeds from 150 Mhs to 200 Mhz
Pentium II processor
The Pentium II processor was introduced in 1997, and its design was a drastic departure from the PIn Grid Array or PGA, style processors
used until then. The Pentium II used a Single Edge Connector Cartridge, or SECC, that fitted into Slot 1 in the motherboard.
Pentium III processor
The Pentium III, released in 1999, originally included an SECC, but this was changed to a 370-pin PGA design. The Pentium III offered speeds of up to 1.4 GHz
Pentium 4
The Pentium 4, released in 2003, introduced many changes to the processor, and required a relatively fast Front Side Bus
or FSB. The Pentium 4 designs are the 423-pins PGA, the 478-pin PGA, and the 775-node Land Grid Array, or LGA.
The LGA775 design uses a square grid of contacts instead of pins. The Pentium 4 runs at speeds of up to 3.8 Ghz.
The Pentium 4 processor also increased the power requirements of motherboards. Supplemental power connections with 4/8 pin 12 V connections were added to support this new need for increased power.
Pentium M
The Pentium M line of processors was introduced in 2003 specifically for use in laptop computers. Pentium M processors are normally bundled with a particular motherboard and wireless technology, and branded as Centrino.
Pentium D
The Pentium D was released in 2005, and is Intel’s first microprocessor with two cores on the same ceramic package, or die. This allows the CPU to process multiple instructions simultaneously. The Pentium D runs at speeds of between 2.8 GHz and 3,2 Ghz per core.
Pentium Extreme Edition
The Pentium Extreme Edition or EE was released in December 2005. The Pentium EE worked only with the Intel 955X or NVidia nForce 4 SLI Pentium edition chipsets, making its hardware requirements highly specific.
Intel Core
Intel re-branded its processors in early 2006 as Intel Core. An Intel Core was the first Intel processor to be used in Apple Mac computers. There are several types of Intel Core CPUs. Core Duo, for example features a dual-core CPU.
Intel Core 2
The Intel Core 2 was the successor of the Intel Core, and was released in mid-2006. Like the Core series, the Core 2 series featured a Core 2 Solo, Core duo, and Core 2 Quad processor. There was also a Core 2 Extreme, which ran at a higher clock speed.
Nehalem processor
The Nehalem processor was released by Intel in 2008. Older motherboards and processors, such as the Core 2 Duo are not compatible with Nehalem technology. Nehalem processors had a 256-bit level 2 cache and a large level 3 cache up to 12 MB.
Intel introduced a new naming scheme for the Nehalem processors, with lines processors name i3, i5 and i7
Nehalem i3 processor
The Nehalem i processors have two cores with speeds up to 3.2 GHz, although Turbo-Boost features(Type of dynamic overclocking) were disabled. These processors are available in mobile versions that ran slower and used less power.
Nehalem i5 processor
The Nehalem i5s have four cores and some of them supports hyperthreanding, giving eight virtual cores. The mobile versions of the i5 had two cores.
Nehalem i7 processor
The i7s were the high-end processors released with Nehalem in 2008. They have two, four, or six cores.
Intel replaced the Nehalem microarchitecture with the Sandy Bridge microarchitecture in 2011. The model name i3, i5, i7 were retained but the processors use differetn socket arrangement and all of them use 32 nmm fabrication process. Low-cost 2 core Celeron G and Pentium G processors are available in the microarchitecture. The i3s in this range have two cores and a 3 MB level 3 cache. However Turbo-Boost is disabled.
Sandy Bridge i5
The Sandy Bridge i5s have two or four cores and up to a 6 MB level cache.
The Sandy Bridge i 7s are high-end processors with up to six cores and a 15 MB level 3 cache. The i7-3820 Extreme Edition runs at 3.3 GHz and up to 3.9 GHz with Turbo-Boost features and Hypertreading. It uses the LGA1155 microarchitecture
AMD started producing CPUs in 1975 when it created a clone of Intel 8080, through reverse engineering. AMD’s line of Intel clones was highly successful, and its AM386 and AM486(clones of the Intel 80386 and 80486).
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